2008年11月28日 星期五

養男育女調不同評析(續)

養男育女調不同評析(續)

12.原譯:女生和男生的差異是很自然的,我們應該認識、接受這些差異,並且探索它在教育上的目的。(p.93)

原文:Differences between girls and boys are natural. Those differences should be acknowledged, accepted, and exploited for educational purposes.(p.63)

試譯:女生和男生的差異是很自然的,為了教育的目的,這些差異應該被承認、接受以及利用。

【洪教授指導後修改版】
女生和男生的差異是很自然的,為了教育的目的,這些差異應該被正視、接受以及善加利用。

評析:上述短短一句話可以發現,原譯者可能誤解某些字的意義或整個句子的結構,而發生誤譯的情形。茲說明如下:
(1)acknowledge根據東華英漢大辭典的解釋為:1.承認;承認…的權威(或主張)2.告知(信件、禮物等)的收到;確認3.就…表示謝忱;報償4.對…作出反應,答理;對…打招呼,理會5.確認…有約束力(或法律效力)。
根據http://www.onelook.com/?w=heavy-duty&ls=a解釋為解釋為:
▸ verb: accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority ("The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne")▸ verb: accept as legally binding and valid ("Acknowledge the deed")▸ verb: express obligation, thanks, or gratitude for ("We must acknowledge the kindness she showed towards us")▸ verb: report the receipt of ("The program committee acknowledged the submission of the authors of the paper")▸ verb: declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of ("She acknowledged that she might have forgotten")▸ verb: express recognition of the presence or existence of, or acquaintance with ("He never acknowledges his colleagues when they run into him in the hallway")
此處應為承認或確認accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority,原譯為我們應該認識,似乎是把acknowledge看成了knowledge,意思有些許不同。

(2)exploited根據東華英漢大辭典的解釋為:1.開發,開採,開拓2.(為發揮人或事物的效能而)利用3.(出於自私目的而)利用,用手段使(人)為自己服務4.剝削5.(廣告宣傳)激發對…的興趣;座廣告推銷。
根據http://www.onelook.com/?w=heavy-duty&ls=a解釋為解釋為:
▸ noun: a notable achievement▸ verb: use or manipulate to one's advantage ("He exploit the new taxation system")▸ verb: draw from; make good use of ("We must exploit the resources we are given wisely") verb: work excessively hard ("He is exploiting the students")
此處exploited顯然應解釋為(為發揮人或事物的效能而)利用或draw from; make good use ,故原譯為探索應是誤譯並不恰當。

13.原譯:有些學校更過分,他們連拔河都禁止。(p.93)

原文:Some school are taking these prohibitions to the extreme, banning even games like tag.(p.64)

試譯:有些學校更過分,他們連捉人遊戲都禁止。

評析:
tag根據東華英漢大辭典的解釋為:n.1.(兒童的)捉人遊戲2.【棒】(跑壘員的)觸殺3.【體】觸手替換
根據http://www.onelook.com/?w=heavy-duty&ls=a解釋為 解釋為
▸ noun: (sports) the act of touching a player in a game (which changes their status in the game)▸ noun: a game in which one child chases the others; the one who is caught becomes the next chaser▸ noun: a label made of cardboard or plastic or metal▸ noun: a small piece of cloth or paper▸ verb: provide with a name or nickname▸ verb: attach a tag or label to▸ verb: touch a player while he is holding the ball▸ verb: supply (blank verse or prose) with rhymes▸ verb: go after with the intent to catch▸ name: A surname (very rare: popularity rank in the U.S.: #77374)
故此處tag應該是(兒童的)捉人遊戲a game in which one child chases the others; the one who is caught becomes the next chaser,原譯者顯然把tag看成了tug而誤譯成:拔河因為tug of war就是所謂的拔河

2008年11月27日 星期四

大腦總指揮評析Part-III

大腦總指揮-Part-III

原譯:由於額葉與大腦其他地方都有密切聯結,所以高德伯也讓我們看見其他地方的病變(甚至皮質下的病變)會引起額葉功能的缺失。因此,帕金森氏症(Parkinson’s disease)、妥瑞氏症(Tourette’s syndrome)、注意力缺失過動症(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD)、強迫症(obsessive-compulsive disorder, OCD)、自閉症或慢性精神分裂症都可以透過額葉的功能來了解它們各自缺失的原因。現在已有很多證據支持這個看法,不僅是從臨床的觀察,還包括腦功能造影,高德伯對額葉功能的看法給這些症候群帶來了新的詮釋,在臨床的治療上非常重要。(P-17)

原文:Goldberg also brings out how, because of the unique richness of the frontal lobes’s connections to different parts of the brain, other conditions which have their primary pathology elsewhere, even in the subcortex, may evoke or present as frontal lobe dysfunctions. Thus the inertia of parkinsonism, the impulsiveness of Tourette’s syndrome, the distractibility of ADHD, the perseveration of OCD, the lack of empathy or “theory of mind” in autism or chronic schizophrenia, can all be understood, in large part, Goldberg feels, as due to the resonances, the secondary disturbances, in the function of the frontal lobes. Much evidence is adduced in favor of this, not only from clinical observation and testing, but from the latest results in functional brain imaging, and Goldberg’s insights here illuminate these syndromes in a new way, and may be very important in clinical practice.(P-X)

試譯:由於額葉與大腦其他地方都有密切聯結,所以高德伯提出,當額葉功能缺失時,其他病狀,即腦部其他地方原有的病變(甚至皮質下的病變),會如何顯現。因此,帕金森氏症(Parkinson’s disease)的遲鈍、妥瑞氏症(Tourette’s syndrome)的衝動、注意力缺失過動症(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD)的分心、強迫症(obsessive-compulsive disorder, OCD)持續重複的行為、自閉症或慢性精神分裂症的缺乏同理心或心智理論等,高德伯認為,由於共振、繼發性的擾亂等原因,大部分狀況都可以透過額葉的功能來了解。現在已有很多證據支持這個看法,不僅是從臨床的觀察或試驗,還包括腦功能造影最新的結果以及高德伯對額葉功能的看法,以新的方式來說明這些症候群,可能在臨床的治療上非常重要。

評析:
1. 關於Goldberg also brings out how, because of the unique richness of the frontal lobes’s connections to different parts of the brain, other conditions which have their primary pathology elsewhere, even in the subcortex, may evoke or present as frontal lobe dysfunctions.原譯者譯為:由於額葉與大腦其他地方都有密切聯結,所以高德伯也讓我們看見其他地方的病變(甚至皮質下的病變)會引起額葉功能的缺失。實際上這句話主要的意思應該是how other conditions may evoke or present as frontal lobe dysfunctions.顯然原譯者粗心,未搞清楚原意,而把整句意思弄錯了。故試改譯為:由於額葉與大腦其他地方都有密切聯結,所以高德伯提出,當額葉功能缺失時,其他病狀,即腦部其他地方原有的病變(甚至皮質下的病變),會如何顯現。

2. 原意者漏譯許多病症之主要病徵,如Thus the inertia of parkinsonism, the impulsiveness of Tourette’s syndrome, the distractibility of ADHD, the perseveration of OCD, the lack of empathy or “theory of mind” in autism or chronic schizophrenia, can all be understood, in large part, Goldberg feels, as due to the resonances, the secondary disturbances, in the function of the frontal lobes.原譯者譯成:帕金森氏症(Parkinson’s disease)、妥瑞氏症(Tourette’s syndrome)、注意力缺失過動症(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD)、強迫症(obsessive-compulsive disorder, OCD)、自閉症或慢性精神分裂症都可以透過額葉的功能來了解它們各自缺失的原因;同時漏譯as due to the resonances, the secondary disturbances,即為何可以透過額葉了解這些病症的原因,讓讀者只看見這些病症,卻無法知悉患者患了這些病有哪些不一樣的行為表現,以及為何可以透過額葉了解這些病症的原因,如此不忠於原著的譯法,又讓讀者摸不著頭緒,似乎不宜。

2008年11月14日 星期五

養男育女調不同評析(續)

養男育女調不同評析(續)

9. 原譯:每個孩子都是獨特的,我也並不是說所有的男生都一樣或所有的女生都一樣。儘管每個還子都是獨特且複雜的,但在面對這樣獨一無二的特性時,我們也不該忽視性別是兒童發展上兩個組織原則(organizing principle)之一—另一個組織原則是年齡。假如你想了解一個孩子但不知道他的年齡和性別,就像少了手電筒在黑夜裡摸黑找路一樣的行不通。(p.59~60)

原文:Every child is unique. I’m not saying that all boys are the same or that all girls are the same. But the fact that each child is unique and complex should not blind us to the fact that gender is one of the two great organizing principles in child development—the other principle being age. Trying to understand a child without understanding the role of gender in child development is like trying to understand a child’s behavior without knowing the child’s age.(p.35)

試譯:每個孩子都是獨特的,我也並不是說所有的男生都一樣或所有的女生都一樣。儘管每個還子都是獨特且複雜的,但在面對這樣獨一無二的特性時,我們也不該忽視性別是兒童發展上兩個組織原則(organizing principle)之一—另一個組織原則是年齡。假如你想要了解一個孩子但不知道性別在孩子的發展所扮演的角色,就如同想要了解孩子的行為卻不知道孩子的年齡一般,無法得出一個正確的結果

評析:根據原文Trying to understand a child without understanding the role of gender in child development is like trying to understand a child’s behavior without knowing the child’s age.應該是假如你想要了解一個孩子但不知道性別在孩子的發展所扮演的角色,就如同想要了解孩子的行為卻不知道孩子的年齡一般(意味著無法得出一個正確的結果)。並沒有就像少了手電筒在黑夜裡摸黑找路一樣的行不通。我想原譯者除了過度詮釋,還誤譯這句話的意思。

10.原譯:當他的朋友來邀他一起去騎時,假如他說:「我不能去,因為我答應我爸爸我不去。」那會使他看起來會像個窩囊廢。以「男孩行為準則」來說,順從父母意思、遵守答應父母的承諾是懦弱的表現,但是「男孩行為準則」會尊敬一個超級巨大的摩托車鎖。(p.82)

原文:When his friends come by and ask him to go riding, he’ll look like a wimp if he says, “I can’t go because I promised my father I wouldn’t.” In the “boy code,” honoring a promise made to a parent is a sign of weakness. But the “boy code” respects a heavy-duty woven-steel cable lock.(p.54)

試譯:當他的朋友來邀他一起去騎時,假如他說:「我不能去,因為我答應我爸爸我不去。」那會使他看起來會像個窩囊廢。以「男孩行為準則」來說,順從父母意思、遵守答應父母的承諾是懦弱的表現,但是「男孩行為準則」看到重型的摩托車鋼鎖,他們就服氣,沒話說了

評析:
But the “boy code” respects a heavy-duty woven-steel cable lock,原譯為
但是「男孩行為準則」會尊敬一個超級巨大的摩托車鎖。感覺非常突兀,男孩怎麼會去尊敬一個巨大的鎖呢,顯然respect在這裡,譯成尊敬,非常怪異。
Heavy-duty根據東華英漢大辭典的解釋為:a.1.重型的,重負荷的2.厚重耐穿的3.關稅重的。
根據http://www.onelook.com/?w=heavy-duty&ls=a解釋為
▸ adjective: designed for heavy work ("A heavy-duty detergent")
故此句改譯成但是「男孩行為準則」看到重型的摩托車鋼鎖,他們就服氣,沒話說了。似乎比較妥適。


11.原譯:你有用弓和箭射奔跑目標的經驗嗎?想像你嘗試擊中一個奔跑的目標,但是不是用弓箭而是用標槍,一根比棒球棍長二倍的木製尖棍,你必須在三十碼外擊中目標。(p.85)

原文: Have you ever tried to hit an archery target using a bow and arrow? Imagine that you are trying to hit that target, but instead of a bow and arrow you have only a wooden spear—twice as long as a baseball bat—and you have to throw it at the target from a distance of thirty yards(p.56)

試譯:你有用弓和箭射擊目標(箭靶)的經驗嗎?想像你嘗試擊中那個目標,但是不是用弓箭而是用一根為棒球棍兩倍長的木製尖棍—標槍,以及你必須在三十碼外擊中目標。(p.85)

評析:
一、archery根據東華英漢大辭典的解釋為:1.射箭(術);射箭運動2.【總稱】弓箭手3.【總稱】射手用器,弓箭。
根據http://www.onelook.com/?w=archery&ls=a解釋為
noun: the sport of shooting arrows with a bow。
原譯為奔跑目標,顯然係過度詮釋,此處並無奔跑的意思。
二、twice as long as a baseball bat,原譯為一根比棒球棍長二倍的木製尖棍,按照原文的意思應為棒球棍的兩倍長,原譯者顯然誤譯了。

2008年11月10日 星期一

Group Assignment - Translation of Paragraphs from “ Mapping The Mind”

Group Assignment - Translation of Paragraphs from “ Mapping The Mind”

本組作業經過數次修正,暫定版本如下:

Part I

原譯:特定區域的腦部活動會創造出特定的經驗與行為反應,而畫出大腦地圖這個挑戰,目前吸引了全球最優秀的科學家們日以繼夜的工作。本書的目的就是想把這些新訊息帶給大眾,包括原來不具背景知識,或對科學沒有興趣的人。(P-13)

原文:The challenge of mapping this world--locating the precise brain activity that creates specific experiences and behavioural responses—is currently engaging some of the finest scientists in the world. This book brings news of their discoveries in a way that will make them comprehensible even to those with no knowledge of, or specific interest in, science.(P-1)

試譯:現今繪製大腦地圖的挑戰,即找出創造特定經驗與行為反應之確切腦部活動的位置,正吸引了一些全球最優秀的科學家。本書係以一種甚至對原來不具背景知識或對科學沒有興趣的人都能理解的方式,將他們新發現的訊息提供給大眾。

【洪教授指導後修改版】
現今,一些全球最優秀的科學家們致力於繪製大腦地圖的挑戰,勘定產生特定經驗與行為反應腦部活動的確切位置。

評析:
1. locating the precise brain activity that creates specific experiences and behavioural responses原譯為特定區域的腦部活動會創造出特定的經驗與行為反應,並未將locating譯出,使得上下文不連貫,顯得這句話有點突兀。
2. is currently engaging some of the finest scientists in the world.原譯為目前吸引了全球最優秀的科學家們日以繼夜的工作。看原文並未提及科學家們日以繼夜的工作。我想譯者又過度詮釋了。3. This book brings news of their discoveries in a way that will make them comprehensible even to those with no knowledge of, or specific interest in, science.原譯為本書的目的就是想把這些新訊息帶給大眾,包括原來不具背景知識,或對科學沒有興趣的人。原譯者並未將in a way that will make them comprehensible譯出,意思表達有些模糊。

Part II

原譯:當然,在歷史上,人們一直想要達到這樣的夢想 –用藥物、尋找刺激和禪坐的方式來改變我們的意識。而現在,透過大腦地圖有可能達到上述的目的,而且沒有壞的副作用。這對於個人、社會和政治上的意義非常重大。這個新世紀我們所要面對的最大的道德倫理挑戰,就是要決定該怎麼應用這個新工具。(P-14)

原文:This is an old ambition, of course, reflected in our perpetual attempts to alter our consciousness through drugs, sensation-seeking and self-entrancement. What is new is that brain mapping may soon makes it possible without any of the usual drawbacks. The personal, social and political implications of this are awesome, and one of the most serious ethical questions we will face in the new century is deciding how this powerful new tool should be deployed.(P-2)

改譯:當然我們一直都有這樣的野心,企圖用藥物、尋求感官刺激、和自我催眠或是冥想及讓自己陷入神志昏迷的方式來改變我們的意識。不同的是,現在透過大腦地圖可能很快能達到上述的目的,而且沒有常見的缺點。這對於個人、社會和政治上的意義非常重大。這個新世紀我們所要面對的最大的道德倫理挑戰,就是要決定該怎麼應用這個新工具。

評析:Self-entrancement 翻為禪坐不適當,字尾trance的意思包括催眠狀態。冥想以及一鐘類似神志昏迷的狀態
See: http://www.answers.com/topic/trance - trance
1. A hypnotic, cataleptic, or ecstatic state.
2. Detachment from one's physical surroundings, as in contemplation or daydreaming.
3. A semiconscious state, as between sleeping and waking; a daze.tr.v., tranced, trancing, trances.To put into a trance; entrance.[Middle English traunce, from Old French transe, passage, fear, vision, from transir, to die, be numb with fear, from Latin trānsīre, to go over or across. See transient.]trancelike trance'like' adj.

Part III

原譯:比較樂觀的學者認為,假如能夠知道每一分鐘大腦零件在做什麼、它跟別的部位的互動又是什麼時,我們可能就會知道人類的本性和經驗了。也有人認為,這種化約主義的研究方式,永遠不可能解釋為什麼我們會有這種感覺、為什麼我們會這樣做,更不用說能讓我們知道意識之秘。他們認為,大腦地圖所提供的心智訊息,就好像地球儀可以告訴我們天堂和地獄一樣,是完全不可能的。(P-16)

原文:The more optimistic of today’s brain explorer believe that when , or if, all of this is brought together – when each minute brain component has been located, its function identified and its interaction with each other component made clear– the resulting description will contain all there is to know about human nature and experience. Others think this reductionist approach will never fully explain why we feel and behave as we do, let alone yield the secret of the brain’s most extraordinary product – consciousness. By their lights, a map of the brain can tell us no more about the mind than a terrestrial globe speaks of Heaven and Hell. (P-3)

試譯:在現代,比較樂觀的腦部研究學者認為,當我們能夠清楚地標示大腦的結構、列出各個構造的功能,並且找出各個部位彼此互動的情形時,那麼我們就可以更進一步了解人類的性情和經驗感受。也有人認為,這種化約主義的研究方式,永遠不可能完全地解釋為什麼我們會有這種感覺、為什麼我們會這樣做,更不用說能讓我們知道意識之秘。他們認為,單靠大腦地圖所提供的訊息就想解釋人類心智的運作,就好像指望地球儀可以告訴我們天堂和地獄一樣,是完全不可能的。

評析:minute在當形容詞的時候,指的是 immeasurably small,所以原文 《when each minute brain component has been located, its function identified and its interaction with each other component made clear…》洪蘭翻譯為《假如能夠知道每一分鐘大腦零件在做什麼 它跟別的部位的互動又是什麼時 》應為誤譯。這是本段譯文中,最重大的錯誤。
洪蘭之所以會犯這樣的錯誤應該是因為譯者本身英文程度有限..見到whenevery minute brain component... 就直接以為when every minute...一定是搭配在一起的...即使翻譯起來文意非常不通順,她仍然照著自己錯誤的理解翻譯.加上譯者並沒有確實做到查字典的功夫.所以就做出錯誤的翻譯.讀者在接觸到中文譯本時.將無法了解原文作者的本意,譯者在此犯的錯誤將成造讀者在閱讀上的困擾。

補充資料:
1.“minute”的字義
One Look Dictionary:Quick definitions (minute)
▸ adjective: infinitely or immeasurably small ("Two minute whiplike threads of protoplasm")
▸ adjective: immeasurably small

東華書局出版《英漢大辭典》:
minute(形容詞): 微小的,異常小的,極小的。例詞:minute organisms 微生物very minute changes of temperature 溫度的細微變化

2.nature的字義東華書局出版《英漢大辭典》:
nature(名詞):稟性、天性、性格、性情
One Look Dictionary:Quick definitions (nature)
▸ noun: the complex of emotional and intellectual attributes that determine a person's characteristic actions and reactions ("It is his nature to help others")
▸ noun: the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized ("It is the nature of fire to burn")
▸ noun: a particular type of thing ("He's interested in trains and things of that nature")
▸ noun: the natural physical world including plants and animals and landscapes etc. ("They tried to preserve nature as they found it")
▸ noun: a causal agent creating and controlling things in the universe ("The laws of nature")

3.experience的字義One Look Dictionary:Quick definitions (experience)
▸ noun: the accumulation of knowledge or skill that results from direct participation in events or activities ("A man of experience")
▸ noun: the content of direct observation or participation in an event ("He had a religious experience")
▸ noun: an event as apprehended ("A surprising experience")
東華書局出版《英漢大辭典》:
experience(名詞):1.經驗、體驗、感受
2.經歷、閱歷